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One building tool that has impacted architecture is the crane. The crane has made it so that we can build quicker and taller structures. Cranes have 2 key components that are the pulley and winch. The pulley is a basic invention that redirects and focuses force. Say your trying to pull a block straight up but it is too heavy for you and you have to pull it straight up higher than you are so you have to use a pulley because it lessons the weight and goes straight up, still too heavy for you? Add another pulley. The winch is a wheel that you can turn. Combined they make the crane a giant pulley that uses a wheel. We use the crane to make buildings that stand straight up, since we don’t have to use ramps.

Sunset moths like all moths start out as an egg.

The sunset moths caterpillar looks like it got pooped on by a bird and then sprouted feathers.

Then the caterpillar unlike the butterfly spins silk all around itself.

After a few weeks of being in the cocoon the caterpillar changes into a moth.Strangely, moth wings when not in use lie down on the body whereas butterfly wings stand up when not in use.

The Monarch Butterfly like all other butterflies starts out as an egg.The Monarch Butterflies egg is green with white lines in it.

The egg then hatches into a caterpillar which looks like a very strange tiger.

The caterpillar then sheds its exoskeleton into not a caterpillar but into a chrysalis.

After weeks of changing in the chrysalis the butterfly finally emerges, dries off its wings and takes flight and lays another egg

New military inventions can shape the outcome of a war. The sword is a weapon that we do not know the origin of but do know that it has been in use until the 19^th century when firearms became popular. The sword has 2 key components which are the hilt and blade which in turn have different pieces. The blade has an edge, a fuller, and a point. If the sword is to cut or hack at something the edge should be sharp but if the purpose of the sword is to stab then it does not matter whether the edge is sharp or dull. The fuller is a scooped up portion of a sword that does not take away from the strength or rigidness of the sword but does make it lighter and easier to use. The point was originally rounded which was okay since the armor was light and easy to cut through. But as the armor got stronger the sword had to adapt so the point was sharpened so that all the strength was focused on one point. The hilt has a grip, a pommel, and a crossguard. The grip is a piece of wood that is covered in sand paper-like material. The pommel is there to stop your hand from sliding off the grip and acts as a counter weight to the heavy blades. The crossguard is there to stop your hand from sliding onto the blade and act as a small shield to protect your hand from the other sword. That is one military invention that has changed the outcome of wars.

My favorite thing I did last summer was when I went on a car trip to Colorado. One thing we did on the trip was drive to the grand canyon and it really looked like a painting! Another thing we did was drive to the Four corners and I bought a cool coin from one of the shops there. Another thing we did was drive to Mesa Verde.Those ruins look really cool! We also went to the Adventure Dome in Las Vegas. And when we got to Colorado we had fun with my family.So my favorite thing I did last summer was when I went on a car trip to Colorado.

The ladybug starts as an egg and hatches into a caterpillar which I did not know.The caterpillar has three legs and just drags its butt around!

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The caterpillar then turns into a pupa which I also did not know.You can see the spots on the pupa but when the ladybug hatches it does not have spots.

after being in the pupa for a while the ladybug finally hatches into the beautiful ladybugs we know today.

I have observed that beetles have 2 antennae, that their back legs are on the abdomen when i thought they were on the thorax. They also have 3 pairs of legs and lots of species spit out acids from their butt.

Today I caught a mosquito for science 4: lesson 5 and used a dichotomous key to figure out that it was in the diptera order!

A cyclical view of history can make you think of the world pessimistically. A cyclical view on history is like a circle, chaos grows to order which decays chaos to again. One reason a cyclical view of history can make you think of the world pessimistically, is you think there is no point to living and growing if it all comes back to chaos. Compare this to a linear view on history where we are going forward on a line always moving forward and getting happier and happier, better and better. The linear view on history makes people think optimistically whereas the cyclical view makes people think pessimistically. These are some reasons why a cyclical view of history can make you think of the world pessimistically.

My favorite thing I did last summer was going on a car trip to Colorado.One thing we did on the trip was going to the grand canyon and it really looked like a painting!another thing we did was going to the Four corners and I got a cool coin from one of the shops.Another thing we did was going to Mesa Verde.The ruins look really cool!We also went to the Adventure Dome in Las Vegas. and when we got to Colorado we had fun with my family.So my favorite thing I did last summer was going on a car trip to Colorado.